Telephones Replica Antique

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What is Telecommunication? "Tęle", which comes from ancient Greek, means "far off", so that "Telecommunication" simply mean "long-distance communication". The ITU Convention (which is the Organization's Charter) defines it as "any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems" - in other words, telegraph, telephone and radio and all their applications such as telex and television. From inception to ISDN, here's a chronological guide to major telecom events.
1820 Niepce Camera Ohm's Law The mathematician Georg Simon Ohm formulated the law determing the flow of an electric current through a conductor. Born: 16 March 1789 in Erlangen, Germany Died: 6 July 1854 in Munich, Germany	Joseph Niepce In 1827 a Frenchman, Joseph Niépce, took the first "picture". Niepce was the first to capture a permanent image in a camera obscura by using chemistry.
1830 Electric Telegraph Lovelace Programming Babbage Analytical Engine Michael Faraday (1791-1867)Faraday discovery of electromagnetic induction enabled mechanical energy (magnetic force) to be converted into electrical energy on a large scale.	Samuel Finley Breese Morse Electric Telegraph - The Electric Telegraph instrument, invented by Morse, launched long-distance communication. (In 1835 Morse exibited a model of his apparatus at University of New York and took out a patent in 1837)/	Jacquard Loom The Jacquard Loom (1801) first used a punched card to control automatically the weaving of cloth to any desired pattern.	Charles Babbage Born December 26, 1791 in Teignmouth, Devonshire UK, Died 1871, London; Known to some as the "Father of Computing" Charles Babbage's Analitycal Engine used two sets of Jacquard punched cards and it could "compare" quantities, branch to instructions and modify its own program.
1840 Sir Charles Wheatstone Wheatstone Bridge (1843) The Wheatstone bridge is used to determine an unknown resistance	Alexander Graham Bell born March 3 1847, Edinburgh, Scotland.
1850 Atlantic Cable Atlantic Cable The cable ships, "Agamennon" and "Niagara" meet in mid-ocean to complete the layng of the first successful Atlantic Telegrapf Cable.	George Boole (1815-1864) George Boole invented a bramch of mathematic colled Coolean Algebra which has been applied to the development of logic and electrical relays.
1860 Typewriter James Clerk Maxwell Born: 13 June 1831 Edinburgh, Scotland. Died: 6 Nov.1879 in Cambridge, England. Maxwell Electromagnetic Wave Theory. James Clerk Maxwell mathematically related the electric and magnetic fields to electric charges and current to form the basis of the theory of electromagnetic waves.	1865 Paris, 17 May, Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations.	1869 Elisha Gray, born Aug.2, 1835, at Barnesville, Ohio; d. Jan.21, 1901. He invented a self-adjusting telegraph relay and a telegraphic switch and a repeater. He was working on a harmonic telegraph and perfect a telephone to transmit musical sounds.
1870 Telephone Phonograph Printing Telegraph Hollerith Cards Heinrich Hertz Hertz lived from 1857 to 1894 Hertz Radio Waves Heinrich Hertz was the first experimenter in the field of electromagnetic radio to transmit and receive radio waves as well as to detect standintg waves.	Telephone Alexsander Grahan Bell Born March 3, 1847 - Died August 2, 1922 On March 7, 1876, the United State Patent Office granted him Patent Number 174,465 covering, the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically...by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sounds.' March 10- Transmission of first complete sentence," Mr. Watson, come here, I want you!."	First Telephone Swichboard The PABX n.°1 The first telephone switchboard served 21 customers over eight lines and used a magnetic annunciator to indicate a connection was desired.	Hellerith Cards Herman Hellerith invented a tabulating machine, an important precursor of the electronic computer, and the now familiar 80-column punched card, both of wich were fisrt used in the 1980 census.
1880 Edison Light Bulb Long-Distance Telephony Dictaphone Thomas Alva Edison	Long-Distance Telephony Bell is shown at New York end of first circuit to Chicago 11 years after the first long-distance line was put into service in 1881	Waterman Fountain Pen This Christmas gift advertisement for a Waterman ideal Fountain Pen appared in December 1891, somme seven years after the pen had been invented.	Plug-in Switchboard A early large plug-in switchboards, operators were separated by panel which were used to indicate visually telephone lines requesting service.
1890 Motion Picture Camera Radio Albert Einstein Born: 14 March 1879 in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany Died: 18 April 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey, USA Einstein Relativity Theory Einstein, best known for his relativity equation also contributed to quantum and statistical mechanics electromagnetism and solid-state physics.	Cathode Ray Tube A Bell System engineer records sound waves on a cathode ray oscillograph	Radio Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937), the inventor of the radio, stands beside his first assistant, G.S.Kent. They are operating an early Marconi station. December 12, 1901-First Transatlantic Signal-Marconi signaled the letter "S" across the Atlantic from England to Newfoundland.
1900 Automatic Telephone Switching de Forest Triode Dr. Lee de Forest with the audio amplifier, his invention that became the forerunnerof the vacuum tube, the cornerstone of modern electronics.	Automatic Telephone Switching The use of the dial telephone was made possible because of automatic step-by-step switching systems.	The audion tube patent by Lee De Forest in 1907 was basis of all electronics. Principle was used for amplifying long distance telephony, and radio.
1910 Teletypewriter Trans-Atlantic Radio Telegraph Radio Boadcast Quantum Mechanics Fhysicist Erwin Schodinger discovered the partial differential wave equation that describes the mechanics of the atom.	Rocketry Dr. Robert H. Goddard, the father of modern rocketry with fist liquid propelled rocket.	Teletywriter The teletywriter produces coded signals corresponding to manually typed letters, numbers and symbols. It also types messages produced by other similar machines.
1920 First TV Broadcast Negative Feedback Mechanical Computer Zworrykin Electronic TV Coaxial Cable Telex Negative Feedback Harold S. Back's invention of the negative feedback amplifier improved long-distance telephony and is used in all communications and computing technology.	Zworykin TV Dr. V.K.Zworykin is shown with the first electronic television receiver using the kinescope, or picture tube, which he developed.	Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable is a more efficient medium of trasmission than earlier copper wires and is basic to modern telephone and television technologies.	RCA's first boadcasting station in 1921. Telephone transmitter and tent-like drapes to muffle resonance were standard equipment of early stations.
1930 FM Radio Pulse Code Modulation Magnetic Recording Broadcast TV Xerografhy Information Theory Claude Shannon works with his mathematical equations that define information Theory wich provides for a maximum carrying capacity for any communications system.	Sound Movies 2 Adding a sound track to motion picture film brought a new dimension entertaiment.	Pulse Code Modulation Pulse Code Modulation transmits signals as code in order to carry them over media not well adapted to carrying analog signals.	Radar A "dirigible" antenna forms the first complete U.S. radar system installed atop a Naval Research Laboratory building.
1940 Transistor Long Playing Record Stored Program Computer Commercial Television Distance Dialing Transistor 1947-Bell Laboratories's transistor replaced the much larger vacuum tube and greatly improved the speed and efficiency in moving electrons.	Long Playing Record The long playing recors operates at a speed of 33-1/3 revolutions per minute permitting up to 45 minutes of playing time on a single 12-inch disc. The first LP album from CBS is shown	Television Regular telecasting began in 1939, when receivers sold for $625. By 1945, black and white sets with 52-inch-square picture areas as shown, sold for $350.	Mark I. ENIAC Howard Aiken at Harward in association with IBM built the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (bottom) which measured 50 feet long by 8 feet high. It was the first fully automatic calculator. J Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly of the University of Pensylvania invented ENIAC (top) the first all-purpose electronic digital computer
1950 Videotape Color TV Telephone Undersea Cable Communications Satellites Laser Hand Transistor Radio Printed Circuit 1959-Electronics circuitry advanced to the printer circuit stage with active and passive components designed into space efficient package that were the forerunners of integrated circuits.	Laser 1958-Bell Labs-Shown is first gas laser to generate a continuos beam of visible light, this occurred several years after the laser was invented.	Communications Satellites RCA's Project Score was the first demonstration of the potential of satellites to provide communications from space.
1960 Switched Telex Data Phone Service Minicomputer Digital Switch Large-Scale Integration Optical Fibers Moon Landing Large Scale Integration Large Scale Integration- This one-chip computer was developed for a variety of telecommunications applications and occupies about 20 percent of the space of a paper chip.	Minicomputer This minicomputer was the first mass-produced model that could perform a variety of business, enigineering and process functions.	Optical-Fiber Transmitting information with bursts of ligh through glass fibers rather than as electrical signals thorugh thicker cooper wire cable improves speed, capacity and efficiency	Time-Sharing Time-sharing extended computer-base information to locations remote from a central computer through terminal devices such a graphic display units.
1970 Two-Way CATV Videodisc Digital Telephone Digital Fax Two-Way CATV Two-way, or interactive, television could become commomplace in the 80's through the proliferation of cable television technology.	Videodisc Videodisc technology combines the laser, ultrahigh density storage on plastic discs and the microprocessor to create an interactive communications medium.	Computer Graphics This computer-generated photograph combines matematical coordinates, wave frequencies and sound cycle manipulations to produce a visual arabesque.	Espace Photography This photograph of Jupiter, taken during the Voyager I mission, shows the rings in Jupiter's equatorial plane. The line drawn around Jupiter shows the position of the actual faint ring which is 30Km or less in thickness.
1980 Distributed Data Processing Packet Switching Digital Telephone The experimental telephone earpiece directly converts an electrical stream of digital pulses into intelligible audible signals through built-in acoustical filters.	Fourth Generation Switching Absence of central processors and system interconnection busses permits ultimate flexibility in applying building block modules to varying voice and data applications. Architetture provides for demand access of all system elements via an internal oacket protocol through a VLSI virtual path network.	Caller ID
1990-2000 MOBILE GSM Global System for Mobile Communications. A digital cellular network system adopted by a large number of countries, with the notable exceptions of the USA and Japan. UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System to meet mobile, data and multimedia needs. The third generation mobile 3G it is for multimedia applications. Services that are actually being envisaged: fast wireless access to the internet, videoconferencing, broadcast, full-motion videophones, video and audio e-mail, access desktop information, news and media information, access to libraries and databases, personal diaries, electronic commerce, interactive shopping, business and share information, education, leisure and entertainement. In addition, a significant amount of the data traffic that it is predicted will be carried over UMTS networks is likely to be machine-to-machine traffic, rather than person-to machine, or machine-to-person. The first licenze in March 1999 in Finland, one each to existing mobile operators, Sonera, Radiolinja and Telia, and one to Suomen Kolmegee, a consortium comprising 41 regional telcos of the Finnet Group.The UK will be the next EU country to issue licenses - in March 2000 - followed by Germanyin May. The Netherlands first half of 2000, while Austria, Italy, France and Portugal are all expected to licence during the year 2000. The UMTS Forum's market studies predict that worlwide in the year 2005 there will be 1bn subscribers for mobile applications and that this will double by 2010. Satellite technology (Broadband and Internet service) Iridium and ICO (GMPCA) global mobile personal communications services. Tomorrow's satellite business: higher frequencies, more adaptive satellites, portability. ISDN Generally speaking, telephone networks are based on analogue processing of an electrical signal generated by the voice. These networks will change - they will be digitized. The voice will be converted into a digital signal (based on binary code elements 0 and 1) at each end of a transmission link. The electronic principle of digitization applies not just to speech but also to data and picture transmission. The telephone is not the only telecommunications facility that can be used. Telefax, audio and video conferences, access to data banks, and television are also available. The situation is going to change by: - the unification of the various telecommunication networks; - the interaction of the various media A common denominator: the development of the ISDN. ADSL Telephone companies around the world are beginning to recognize the immense value they can still realize from their copper loop plant.New transmission technologies give them the capability to construct broadband access networks with existing twisted-pair wiring. ADSL, an asymmetric modem capable of transmitting high speed data over copper links, has proved itself in the field and now descends the learning curve in anticipation of wide scale deployment. ADSL offers rates from 1.5 Mbps to 8Mbps, sepending on line length, over the very same wires used for plain old telephone service (POTS). Indeed, ADSL shares the line with POTS, enabling telephones, fax machines, personal computers, and televisions to connect to remote services over single line at the same time. INTERNET-WORLD WIDE WEB-@ Web traffic must use the local phone network to reach customers. HTML, BROWSER, JAVA, WINDOWS, E-MAIL, E-Commerce. IP The Internet Protocol-based communications architetture being created by Motorola with Cisco Systems and others Combining voice with data, multimedia, and the Internet into one broadband system, accessible through a new generation of access devices. BLUETOOTH Local wireless nets

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